Hectogram (hg)
The hectogram is a metric unit of mass equal to 100 grams or one-tenth of a kilogram. Abbreviated as "hg", it is used in everyday food commerce in Italy and some Scandinavian countries. In Italian markets, the hectogram ("etto") is the standard unit for ordering deli items, similar to how Austria uses the dekagram.
Definition
One hectogram equals exactly 100 grams, 0.1 kilograms, 10 dekagrams, 100,000 milligrams, or approximately 3.527 ounces. There are 10 hectograms in a kilogram. The hectogram is formed by applying the SI prefix "hecto-" (one hundred) to the gram. In Italian markets, one "etto" is the standard portion size for deli purchases.
History
The hectogram was introduced alongside the metric system during the French Revolution, formed by the prefix "hecto-" (one hundred) applied to the gram. Most countries bypassed the hectogram in daily use, jumping directly from grams to kilograms. However, Italy adopted the "etto" (100 grams) as a standard portion unit for food commerce, and it remains in daily use there. In Sweden and Norway, the hectogram ("hekto") also sees some informal use for food portions.
Common Uses
In Italy, "un etto" (one hectogram, 100 grams) is the standard ordering unit at butcher shops, cheese counters, and delis. Customers say "due etti di prosciutto" (200 grams of prosciutto). Swedish recipes sometimes reference hectograms. Outside of these regional niches, the hectogram is rarely used, as grams and kilograms suffice. In Germany, the hectogram is not used - deli purchases are made in grams.
Did You Know? Facts About Hectogram
- In Italy, "un etto" (one hectogram) is heard at every deli counter, making it one of the few intermediate metric units in genuine daily use.
- A medium apple weighs roughly 1.5-2 hectograms (150-200 grams).
- The hectogram is to the kilogram what the hectometer is to the kilometer - one-tenth of the larger unit.
- Swedish candy is traditionally sold by the hectogram („hekto“) - „två hekto godis“ means 200 grams of candy.
- Despite being an official SI prefix unit, the hectogram is virtually unknown in the Americas, Africa, and most of Asia.